| Summary: |
This dissertation shows the relevance of political agency under conditions
of globalisation through a sub-national comparative study of labour market
reforms. The study builds upon existing literature by highlighting ‘relative
autonomy’ of political actors and dynamics in determining policy and outcome.
Such an assertion contradicts the purely structuralist interpretations of reform and
asserts that forces of globalisation can be negotiated by domestic political actors.
Based on the study of labour flexibility the dissertation argues that political
variables, specifically partisan orientation and nature of party competition,
influence the pace and direction of reforms producing sub-national variations. As
revealed governments backed by a relatively homogenous dominant support base
with business representation undertake greater labour market reforms compared to
governments with heterogeneous base. The difference in orientation to reform is
due to differences in distributive and redistributive pressures emanating from
support base.
Another important finding of this research concerns the impact of party
competition on reforms. Contrary to conventional understanding that
fragmentation impedes reforms, the case study, reveals that fragmentation in the
party system facilitates labour market reforms. The result indicate that the impact
of political fragmentation on reform is not generic, and intermediate factors such
as configuration of electoral cleavages influence the relation.
In sum, the dissertation argues that variations in strength of interest groups
i.e. trade unions and business, the nature of party competition and configuration of
electoral groups combine to produce variation in reforms. Although such a claim
cannot undermine the increased relevance of market forces consequent upon
globalisation, theoretically, it does point out that reforms emerge in the
interrelation between economic considerations vis-à-vis political imperatives.
Public policy under conditions of globalisation is shaped not merely by economic
concerns but mirrors social trade-offs and varieties of social configuration.
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