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'No, none, neither, nobody/no one, nothing': ba, babu, etc.
Grammar notes prepared for use by students. Tones/vowel length not marked.
Archive & Special Collections
PP MS 50/04/03/03
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PP MS 50, Parsons, Box 5
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Papers of Frederick William Parsons
Nouns
Classification
Classification of nouns in Hausa
Nominal categories: classification according to phonology and semantic class membership.
Nominal words: categorisation of nominal classes.
Gender
The operation of gender in Hausa.
Gender of nouns: feminines and feminatives.
The feminines of Hausa nouns.
The Hausa substantive: "gender"
Hausa gender rhymes.
Plurals
Plural formation
Heteroclitic plurals
Simplified summary of the plurals of disyllabic noun-classes of Hausa.
ANSQ
Abstract nouns of physical or perspective quality
Adjectives
Hausa renderings of English adjectives
Miscellaneous
Nouns (part of speech).
Nouns/nominal words.
Proportional expressions in Hausa.
Verbs
Grade system
The "mutable verb" in Hausa
The "mutable verb" in Hausa
Hausa verb mutations
The "mutable" or i.t. form of the verb.
The Hausa verb
Gradational system of the Hausa verb.
The verbal piece in Hausa
Suppletion and neutralization in the verbal system of Hausa.
Disyllabic verbs grades 1-8.
Key to forms of the disyllabic verb, showing differentiating morphemes.
Disyllabic verbs with roots ending in -y- and single usually contracted primary forms.
Polysyllabic verbs grades 1-7.
Key to forms of the polysyllabic verb in Hausa.
Projective-applicative and analogous verbs.
Aspects in Hausa: diagram of one possible way to represent the spread of grade forms.
2nd year Hausa grammar course.
Verbal families yank- and cik-.
Rules governing the imperative.
Monosyllabic verbs/irregular verbs
Irregular verbs
List of verbal phrases of sensation and emotion.
Mixed transitive and intransitive syntactically defective form 4 verb cee.
Verbal nouns
Verbal nouns.
Forms of the verb and their syntactical variations/sub-forms.
Verbal nouns.
Alphabetical list of the commoner irregular verbal nouns of transitive verbs used in the progressive...
Verbal nouns
Miscellaneous
The Hausa verb: tense aspects.
Moods, aspects, tenses.
Verbs, verbal clauses, verbal nouns.
Notes on verbal formation, extension of verbs, derivative verbs.
The Hausa verb: morphology and syntax.
Verbs: verbal forms.
Various notes on verbs.
Devonshire I Language Course, 2nd term.
Vowel gradation in Hausa
Modal Particles
Modal Particles
The modal particles of Hausa.
Meanings of modal particles.
Meanings and functions of modal particles.
Adverbs and Function Words
Adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions
Adverbs and conjunctions.
Interrogative adverbs, interrogative pronouns and adjectives.
Adverbs: modal adverbs
Prepositions (and copula).
Pronouns, auxiliaries
Personal pronouns.
Personal pronouns and auxiliaries.
Copula, existential
The copula.
Copula; deictics; possessive linker; continuous tense-aspect.
'No, none, neither, nobody/no one, nothing': ba, babu, etc.
"Is": ne/ce, akwai, ya yi.
"na" possessive; verbal.
Miscellaneous
Particles.
Interjections.
Ideophones
Word Categories
Word Categories
The classification of words in Hausa.
Word classes in Hausa.
Hausa parts of speech.
Parts of speech in Hausa.
Phonology
Consonants/vowels/semivowels
Consonants: types of consonants.
Hausa consonants, semi-vowels and glides.
The semivowels of Hausa.
The semivowels of Hausa.
Hausa vowels
The vowel system of the radical in Hausa.
Hausa diphthongs.
Consonants and vowels.
Distribution of consonants and vowels.
Consonants and their combinability with vowels.
Distribution and combinability of consonants and vowels according to initial consonant.
Distribution of /a/ and /aa/ in words beginning with /k/ and /t/.
Distribution of /i,u/ according to preceding consonant.
Distribution of /ee/ and /oo/.
-CC- combinations in roots.
Synopsis of phonemes occurring in monosyllabic and in the first syllable of polysyllabic words (othe...
Phonological principles - word categories in Hausa
Phonology of the verb
Synopsis of the constituents of the final syllable of flexionable words of any number of syllables
Tones
The significance of tone in Hausa.
Tone pattern mnemonics for nouns
Tones of monsyllabic disyllabic, trisyllabic words.
Phonaesthetics
The phonaesthetic element in Hausa vocabulary.
The phonaesthetic element in Hausa vocabulary
Phono-semantic word groups in Hausa.
Hausa-Germanic 'cognates'.
Secondary articulations
Palatalization of consonant in final syllable.
Glottalization (recording transcripts).
Nasalization of roots in modulated verbs and thematic verbs.
Miscellaneous
Word formation and phonology
Prosodies of the syllable.
Morphology
Morphology
The morphology of Hausa: derivational morphology, nominal inflection.
The principal Hausa roots.
Derivatives formed on the analogy of ANSQ's.
Morphological categories in Hausa.
Morphology and accident
Definition and significance of form in Hausa.
Syntax
Subordinate clauses
Temporal and conditional clauses.
Consecutive or result clauses.
Further thoughts on relative clauses:
Complex sentences: subordinate adverbial clauses (3rd year Hausa grammar).
Some examples of complex sentences from Hausa texts with their almost literal English translations.
Comparison of English and Hausa structures and conspectus of morpho-syntactic verb classes in Hausa.
The terminal particles.
Emphasis
Emphasis in Hausa: including suprasegmental, morphological, lexical, syntactic, rhetorical emphasis.
Emphasis in Hausa: intonational and syntactic emphasis; modal particles and topicalization.
Factors that tend to predetermine the use of prelusive emphasis (A-type emphasis).
B-Emphasis: focus constructions.
Topicalization and focus-emphasis: text examples.
Miscellaneous
Further examples of surface structure ambiguity in Hausa.
Classification of Hausa
Classification of Hausa
Prolegomena on the status of Hausa: attempt to refute the claim that Hausa is a Chadic language.
Prolegomena on the status of Hausa: follow-up manuscript reaffirming claim that Hausa is not a Chadi...
Hausa dialects
Hausa dialects: Letter from F.W. Parsons to Prof. E. Damman (East Berlin).
Miscellaneous notes on Hausa dialects.
Schemes for planned books on Hausa
Schemes for planned books on Hausa
"An appreciation of the Hausa language": scheme of the book.
"A systematic analysis of the Hausa language": scheme of my book.
"A new Hausa grammar": scheme of the book.
"The Hausa language": rough scheme for book.
Reviews, reports
Reviews
"Dictionary of the Hausa Language" by R. C. Abraham.
"Concise Hausa grammar" by A. Howeidy.
Reports
"International linguists on the march"
Reflections and questions prompted by an examination of 41 Hausa papers presented by candidates of m...
Vocabularies, exercises, translations, record transcripts
Vocabularies
English-Hausa vocabulary 22.
English-Hausa vocabulary 23.
English-Hausa vocabulary 24.
Exercises
Exercises on morpho-syntactic verb classes and verbal extensions.
Translation exercises on English-Hausa sentences: 'is' and 'have' in Hausa.
Various English-Hausa translation exercises (first year)
Translation exercise on Grade 7 (= Grade 5) verbs and associative verbs of all grades.
Translations
"It never pays to fly in the face of providence".
"The Story of the Master Piper" (Pied Piper).
Notes on the translations
Record transcripts
Hausa records (I-VI, XII-XV, XVIII-XIX, XXVI; others missing)
Miscellaneous
Loanwords in Hausa
English loanwords in Hausa.
Idioms and fixed expressions
Idiomatic sentences.
Fixed expressions in Hausa.
Overview of Hausa
Hausa Departmental Seminar
Hausa texts
Hausa text: description of how traffic lights work.
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